Physical exercise and dementia care: how staying active protects the brain
Regular physical activity is not only beneficial for the body—it’s also one of the most powerful tools for maintaining brain health. For individuals living with dementia or those at risk, exercise can play a key role in slowing cognitive decline, improving mood, and enhancing overall well-being.
The Brain-Boosting Power of Exercise
Exercise promotes the health of the brain in several scientifically proven ways:
Increases blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and essential nutrients.
Stimulates the release of growth factors that support the survival and formation of new brain cells.
Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, which are linked to cognitive decline.
Improves sleep quality, which is essential for memory and cognitive function.
Supports heart health, reducing the risk of vascular dementia caused by reduced blood supply to the brain.
Benefits of Exercise for People with Dementia
1. Slows Cognitive Decline
Studies have shown that regular aerobic exercise—such as walking, swimming, or cycling—can slow down the progression of dementia, particularly in the early to moderate stages. It supports memory, attention, and processing speed.
2. Enhances Mood and Reduces Anxiety
Physical activity boosts endorphins and serotonin, which helps combat symptoms of depression and anxiety. These are common emotional challenges in dementia.
3. Improves Mobility and Physical Independence
Exercise helps maintain muscle strength, balance, and coordination, reducing the risk of falls and prolonging the ability to perform daily tasks independently. The stimulus of eye-hand coordinated movements has been shown to reduce the onset of dementia.
4. Supports Better Sleep
Regular movement can improve sleep quality, which is often disrupted in individuals with dementia. Better sleep can lead to fewer behavioral issues during the day. Sleeping well increases the body's functioning and can reduce the risk of sickness.
5. Increases Social Engagement
Group exercises or fitness classes can reduce isolation, build routines, and create opportunities for social interaction, which also benefit cognitive health. Having a consistent routine can help those living with dementia maintain independence for a longer period of time.
Types of Exercise to Consider
It’s important to tailor physical activity to the individual’s stage of dementia, preferences, and mobility:
Walking: Safe, accessible, and easy to incorporate into daily routines.
Chair exercises: Ideal for those with limited mobility—focusing on gentle movements and stretches.
Dancing or movement to music: Combines physical and emotional stimulation.
Tai Chi and yoga: Help with balance, mindfulness, and flexibility.
Resistance training: Builds strength and supports bone health, particularly in early stages.
Tips for Safe and Effective Activity
Set a regular schedule: Consistency provides structure and reduces confusion.
Adapt as needed: Modify exercises to accommodate changing abilities.
Use clear, simple instructions: Visual cues and demonstrations work best.
Ensure a safe environment: Remove tripping hazards and stay hydrated.
Make it fun: Choose activities the person enjoys to encourage participation.
Physical activity is a powerful, non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing life with dementia. It supports brain function, emotional well-being, and physical independence—bringing both immediate and long-term benefits. Whether it’s a morning walk, a music-based movement session, or light stretches at home, every step matters in protecting and supporting the brain through dementia.
